Knowledge Base

Port Categories

Harbor
A natural harbor with natural cover (sometimes supplemented by artificial measures) are available for berthing or temporary sheltered place. Such as Guangzhou Bay, Yangpu Port, Longmen port and so on.
Haven
Ship for the voyage, or during operations at sea ports to avoid storms. Generally for small vessels, fishing vessels and vessel set up a variety of offshore operations.
Port
Located on rivers, lakes, sea coast, with certain facilities and conditions for the operation of ships and in adverse weather conditions, the berthing of passengers up and down, cargo handling, living supplies such as work places. It covers the waters and land areas of two parts. Are generally equipped with navigation channels, harbor, anchorage, dock, warehouse taste of the rear cargo transportation equipment, repair equipment (including repair of ships), and the necessary management, service organizations and so on. Port according to geographic location points, seaports, river mouth port, river and lake port, Hong Kong and other reservoirs. According to the nature and use of points, there are commercial ports and ports, industrial port, fishing port and so on.
Harbor
In the natural and geographical conditions and hydro-meteorological in nature has a sea port. Can be divided into: ① Coast Hong Kong: the cover is located on the coast or straight. Belonging to the former mostly in the Gulf Coast before or sand cover. Such as the Port Arthur naval port in Zhanjiang Port and Yulin Gang, which have good natural cover, no building protective structures. If natural cover is not enough, it would take plus built outside the embankment protection, such as Yantai Port. Hong Kong is located on the flat coast is generally outside the dikes need to build the cover, such as the Tanggu Xingang. ② Estuary Hong Kong: at the river estuary into the sea or tidal river downstream sector. Has a long history of such well-known port mostly. If China's Whampoa of Hong Kong harbor. Foreign port of Rotterdam, New York, Hong Kong, London, Hong Kong and Hamburg, Hong Kong Hong Kong belong to mouth. As the harbor by waves, tides, coastal sediment transport and other effects, the general use of the Gulf, island, headland and other natural barriers, or the construction of artificial structures such as a protective breakwater; Hong Kong There are a vast waters and deep-water channel, for ships entering and leaving parking to carry out a variety of operations, supply of fuel, fresh water and other items to escape the wind and waves and so on. It is the coastal transportation and a variety of sea-based activities base. An excellent harbor, is usually the hub of communication between domestic and foreign trade.
Riverports
Located in rivers, and hydrological characteristics of a river port of a river port. As China's Nanjing, Hong Kong, Wuhan, Chongqing, Hong Kong port and both belong to this category. It is available for inland water transport vessels Codec teams, loading and unloading of passengers and supplies up and down burning materials. River ports directly affected by river runoff, natural river water level drops more upstream ports, loading and unloading operations more difficult; middle, and lower port are generally washed or siltation problems, which require the revetment, or derivative rule.
Reservoir in Hong Kong
Large reservoir was built in the coastal port. Reservoir in Hong Kong influenced by the winds and waves, often built on a natural cover areas. Affected by industrial and agricultural water and river water flow regulation, and the impact of big changes.
Lake Harbor
Is located in the coastal lakes or rivers into the Hukou at the port. Generally do not drop the water level, water surface is relatively stable, the waters wide, water depth greater is the river, lake transport and a base for various activities on the lake.
Harbor
The general merchant and passenger and freight transport as a target port. With a docked ship, passenger and cargo up and down, the supply of fuel (materials) and repair of ships and other materials needed for a variety of facilities and conditions, is water and land transportation hub. If China's Shanghai, Dalian Port, Tianjin Port, Guangzhou Port and Zhanjiang Port, etc. fall into this category. Foreign port of Rotterdam, Antwerp Port, Kobe Port, London, Hong Kong, New York Harbor and the Port of Hamburg is also a commercial port. Commercial port, said the size of throughput. According to different types of loading and unloading of goods, there is a comprehensive two types of ports and specialized ports. Comprehensive port means the port of loading and unloading a variety of goods; specialized ports in cargo loading and unloading of a single type of port, such as oil port, Port of ore, coal, port, and so. Generally speaking, a port due to professional use of specialized equipment, their handling efficiency and capacity than the integrated ports, the flow of goods stable, and large quantities, goods categories unchanged, but to consider the building of specialized ports.
Comprehensive port
See "harbor."
Specialized Ports
See "harbor."
Industrial Port
As close to rivers, lakes, sea, large-scale industrial and mining enterprises of raw materials and finished products directly to the transport and set up port. If the ganjingzi Dalian Dahua pier Coking Plant of Shanghai, Wu Jing, and Baoshan Iron and Steel Plant coal dock pier fall into this category. Japan also has many of these ports.
Bulk Port
Specialized loading and unloading bulk ore, coal, grain and other bulk aggregate port. Dedicated professionals in Hong Kong, said the coal loading and unloading of coal port. Configuration of these ports are generally large-scale specialized handling equipment, high efficiency and low cost.
Oil Port
Specialized loading and unloading of crude oil or refined oil port. Generally consists of the following components: ① rely on, and mooring equipment; ② water or underwater oil pipeline and the loading arm; ③ oil depots, pumping stations and pipeline systems; ④ heating equipment; ⑤ fire-fighting equipment; ⑥ sewage treatment venues and facilities, and so on. In order to prevent pollution and safety reasons, the oil from the port towns, ports and other fixed structures in general must have a certain safe distance, usually arranged in its downstream, under the direction of the wind is suitable. According to the oil port location and the oil flash point of difference, the minimum safe distance from each have different requirements, ranging from tens of meters to 3000 meters range. As the oil tanker at sea in modern times more to build larger, so also will be a modern offshore oil port to the deep-water development.
Fishing
Parking for fishing boats, fish handling, fish fresh, frozen processing, repairing fishing nets and fishing boats for several production and living materials supply port. Is the base for the fishing fleet. With a natural or man-made anti-wave facilities, terminal operating line, loading and unloading machinery, processing and storage of fisheries products in the factory (farm), cold storage and boat repair factory.
Naval
And obtain supplies for the ship berthing port. Is an integral part of the naval base. Usually have parking, supplies and other equipment, and various defense facilities.

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